MOWBRAY Family
John MOWBRAY, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1392-1432 40yo (d/l)
MOWBRAY Family
John MOWBRAY, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1392-1432 40yo (d/l)
From 'Now I Remember' p69 ff: Here's some background from the reigns of Edw I 'Longshanks' r1272-1307, Edw II r1307-27, Edw III r1327-77, Richard II r1377-99 and Henry IV 1399-1413.
Many new laws were passed during Edw I's reign, a time of national definition. He was also preoccupied w/Welsh, Jews, Scots and French adversaries. Llewellyn ap Gruffyd was subdued in 2 campaigns; 1276-7 and 1282-3, k. in 2nd, after which Wales was held down by a series of great castles but flattered when the king's son Edw was made its Prince (of Wales, starting the tradition for heir-apparent). In 1290 the Jews were expelled and a bid for Scot/English unity made; when Alex III d. in a riding accident 1286, he was succeeded by his gdau Margaret 'the Maid of Norway' (cf David1St). It was agreed she'd m. Prince Edw, but she d. in the Orkney's en route home. A succession dispute followed, and Edw I as arbitrator chose John BALLIOL 1292. Tiring of Edw's overlordship, BALLIOL allied w/France (Philip IV) forming 'The Auld Alliance' 1295. Edw then sacked Berwick, deposed BALLIOL and brought the 'Stone of Scone' to Westminster. War expenses led to summoning the 'Model Parliament' of 1295 w/74 knights and 220 burgesses, the most comphensive assembly to date. But Scotland rose again under Wm WALLACE who, having defeated an English army at Stirling Bridge, lost at Falkirk 1298, disappeared, but was later betrayed and executed in 1305. Ldrshp then fell to Robt BRUCE, against whom Edw was preparing a major operation when he d. Jul 1307.
Edw II inherited many unresolved problems, and if he'd been powerful and wise England might've developed differently. But Edw II, tho strong and handsome in body, was weak and foolish in character, 'the 1st post-1066 king who was not a man of business'. One of his enjoyments was the company of attractive young men, one of these was Piers GAVESTON. He'd been exiled by Edw I, but was now recalled and created E of Cornwall. The barons objected and he was seized, illegally tried and executed near Warwick Castle 1312. Real power in England was wielded by the 21-member baronial committee 'Lords Ordainers', led by Edw's 1st cousin Thomas, E of Lancaster. This committee, like Magna Carta, drew up ordinances limiting the King's power. Humiliated, Edw turned to new favorites Hugh le DESPENSER (dad) and Hugh jr (son), latter replacing GAVESTON, tho much more capable. Edw also tried to offset domestic failure w/conquest of Scotland, which ended in disaster at Bannockburn 1314 (BRUCE leading 10k Scots to victory over 28k English). The inept Lancaster failed to exploit this to his advantage, which led to the rise of a middle party of Barons headed by the E of Pembroke, also in favor of limiting the King. But baronial disunity allowed Edw to defeat the northerners (Scots) at Boroughbridge 1322, and Lancaster was executed at Pontefract. Edw now ruled w/the DESPENSERs, whose admin efficiency was countered by greed and [bad] ambition. The hated regime didn't last long; Chas IV of France seized most of Gascony in 1324, Edw's sis Isabella visited him to negotiate, and young Prince Edward came to 'do homage' for the duchy. These 2 were joined by Isabella's lover, the disaffected Marcher lord Roger MORTIMER, and a plot was hatched. There was plenty of baronial support and when they arrived in England the DISPENSERs were hanged and the King imprisoned at Kenilworth and later k. horribly at Berkeley Castle.
Note: KoE Edw III's 2nd son Lionel's (D of Clarence) dau Philippa m. Edm MORTIMER 3rd E of March 1352-81 29yo. When Black Prince (eldest son of Edw III) d. this line should've inherited the throne, but didn't, leading eventually to Wars of Roses. The MORTIMERs were a family of great barons whose main sphere of influence was along the Welsh border - the Marches. Their principle seats were Wigmore Castle - now a ruin - and Ludlow Castle (Rich. of York's base). Thru marriage they'd absorbed the estates of other Marcher barons, the Lacys and Grenvilles. At their peak in late 14C they were the richest magnates and the most pwrfl family on the Welsh Marches. Edm had become 3rd EoM at 8yo on d. of his father, also E of Ulster via his wife, and in 1379 appt'd [Lord] Lt of Ireland. But he drowned while crossing a ford in Cork in Dec 1381, leaving son Roger 1373-98 25yo as heir (AW WoR p24).
During Edw III's minority, his regents Isabella and [Roger?] MORTIMER had acquiesced in a severed restriction of England's Gascon territory and recognized Scottish indep via Treaty of Northampton 1328. The barons then talked Edw into assuming pwr, and MORTIMER was hanged and Isabella exiled 1330. But Edw was soon at war; Robt BRUCE had d1329 and Edw BALLIOL (John's son) claimed the Scot crown. An English army defeated BALLIOL's opponents at Halidon Hill 1333, but the young king (Edw III) was unable to impose his protege (BALLIOL) upon Scotland and was soon preoccupied w/greater events elsewhere. Perennial British enemy France harbored the BRUCE faction and assisted them v. BALLIOL. A wool 'trade war' sparked the 100yrs war, as Flemish merchants sided w/Edw III but the Count of Flanders and his nobility sided w/France. At 1st the English gained ground at Sluys 1340, Crecy 1346 and Poitiers 1356 (where Black Prince won fame), but by 1375 the French warlord Du Guesclin had retaken much of that territory (cf 'Warlords'). Meanwhile, Edw III's victories at Neville's Cross 1346 [NEVILLEs and PERCYs 2 main N aristocratic (Anglo-Norman) families] and (devastatingly for Scots) Edinburgh 1356 brought the Scots under English control. The Black Death of 1348-9 brought many social problems, and English nationalism (and anti-RCC) grew. In 1362 English become the official legal language, and Wm Langland's 'Piers the Ploughman' appeared. This is also when the 'Commons' began to meet separately from the great magnates i.e. the 'Lords'. Predeceased by Queen and Blk Prince, his mistress Alice Perrers tore his rings from his fingers shortly before he d1377 sadly and alone.
Note: KoE Edw III had 5 sons survive childhood: 1 Edw 1330-76 (of Woodstock, Prince of Wales aka the Black Prince, son -> Richard II), 2 Lionel, D of Clarence 1338-68, 3 John of Gaunt, D of Lancaster 1340-99, 4 Edm of Langley, D of York 1341-1402 and 5 Thomas of Woodstock, D of Gloucester dates? whose 15C descendants were the Dukes of Buckingham (AW WoR ch2).
A Thomas MOWBRAY, Earl of Nottingham, appears during the reign of King Richard II r1377-99. This was a time of smoldering discontent in England. Richard came to the throne at age 11 and real power was wielded by his uncle John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and Richard's mother (Joan, Countess of Kent aka 'the Fair Maid of Kent' m. the Black Prince). Richard b1366 was a gson of Edw III. Since naval defeat off La Rochelle 1372 by France [led by Buckingham, an excellent sailor who'd likely have won except for the wily Richelieu], England was vulnerable to continuing French raids i.e. unable to defend herself from them. RCC pwr/wealth/corruption was widely resented i.e. this was the time of the 'Babylonian Captivity' of Avignon Popes 1309-78 and 'Great Schism' 1378-1415. John Wycliffe was already denouncing the RCC, the Black Death of 1348 had ravaged England's population, and serfs had rebelled in the Peasant's Revolt of 1381 (led by Wat Tyler, John Ball and Jack Straw). Tho Richard tried to be magnanimous to the protestors and promised changes, vested interests prevailed and the revolt was crushed. At 17yo Richard 1st attempted personal rule, assisted by his friend [possibly gay lover] Robt de VERE, Earl of Oxford, with Michael de la POLE, Earl of Suffolk, as Chancellor (i.e. proto-PM). Soon after, tho, his uncle Thomas of Woodstock (5th son of KoE Edw III, see above note), Duke of Gloucester, took control, after defeating an army led by Oxford at Radcot Bridge 1387. The winners set up a group called the Lords Appellant (Gloucester, the Earls of Arundel and Warwick, Henry BOLLINGBROKE [future K Henry IV aka 'the leper king'], Earl of Derby (son of John of Gaunt, now absent in Spain), Thomas MOWBRAY, Earl of Nottingham) and used the Merciless Parliament 1388 to convict and execute those of the King's friends whom they could apprehend, while Richard brooded revenge and his clerk of the [written] works, one Geoffrey CHAUCER, busied himself writing 'The Canterbury Tales'! Richard re-seized pwr 1389 and ruled sensibly for 8yrs, and in 1397 took his vengeance by murdering Gloucester and punishing the rest except Derby and Nottingham, who were promoted Dukes of Hereford and Norfolk. Their subsequent quarrel precipitated the scene in the lists at Coventry and banishment - 6yrs for frmr, life for latter. John of Gaunt d1399, Hereford was his heir, so Richard mercilessly seized all his goods as Henry disappeared into Ireland. Henry later organized an army and landed at Ravenspur, forcing Richard to surrender in Wales, abdicate in London, and be murdered at Pontefract.
Note: Determined to avenge these rebellious magnates and, after wife Anne of Bohemia d1394 (removing her moderating influence), and esp. after the exiled de VERE d1392 in France, Richard II was anxious to retain the support of his pwrfl uncle John of Gaunt, so allowed (against some outrage) John's 2-9-1397 marriage to his long-time mistress Katherine SWYNFORD, legitimating their 'bastard' descendants the BEAUFORTs (who'd play a major role in the Wars of the Roses). ... p/u p33 discuss Th MOWBRAY's exile and trip to Jerusalem ... (AW WoR ch2).
Henry IV was plagued by rebellions. The Earls of Huntingdon and Kent were the 1st, proposing to restore Richard II. They failed and were executed, and Richard died mysteriously at Pontefract. Then Owen Glendower rose in Wales, and it took the rest of Henry's reign to reduce him, and Owen d. a natural death in 1415. Meanwhile, in the N the great PERCY family became disaffected. They'd held the border country for some years and had been good friends to Henry, but in 1402 Harry 'Hotspur' (Percy, so called by the Scots, son of the Earl of Northumberland, defeated and captured Archibald, [Scot] Earl of Douglas, at Homildon Hill and the PERCY's thot a royal reward was due. Unhappy w/what Henry offered, they joined forces w/their prisoner and also Owen G and HIS prisoner, Sir Edmund MORTIMER (Hotspur's bro-in-law and uncle to Earl of March). Henry saved the situation by winning at Shrewsbury 1403 where Hotspur was k. and E of North. imprisoned. But the old man (E of N) wasn't quiet for long; in 1405 he conspired w/Richard SCROPE, Archbishop of York, and Thomas MOWBRAY, Earl of Nottingham (son of Henry's antagonist [Thomas MOWBRAY sr] at Coventry). These 2 were captured and executed, this punishment of an AB showing a change from the days of Thomas BECKET, and Northumberland himself d. at Bramham Moor 1408. Henry was also merciless against the Lollards w/their dangerously subversive condemnation of wealth (hmmm, which continues to this day? e.g. OWS movement, ... oy vey). Many were sent to the stake, while ) Oxford and Cambridge built walls to protect the orthodoxy of their students (against Lollards). Henry d1413 after suffering from skin ('leper king') and heart disease.
From ahnen-sf:
19 (1397-14??) PLUMPTON, Jane - MALLORY, William
20 (1362-1405) PLUMPTON, William - GISBURN, Alice
21 (1340-1407) PLUMPTON, Robert - SCROPE, Isabella
22 (1294-1362) PLUMPTON, William - MOWBRAY, Christiana
...line continues at 22 below
22 (1332-1374) PLUMPTON, Alicia - BOTELER, John
23 (1294-1362) De PLUMPTON, William - MOWBRAY, Christiana
24 (1268-1325) PLUMPTON, Robert - ROOS, Lucy
25 (1241-1298) De PLUMPTON, Robert - De WESTWICK, Isabella
26 (1216-1271) De PLUMPTON, Nigel - De CLARE, Avicia
27 (1187-1244) De PLUMPTON - MOWBRAY, ? (b. 1190)
28 (1168-1205) PLUMPTON, Nigel - De WARWICK, Juliana
29 (1133-1???) De PLUMPTON, Peter - ?, Helena (b. 1136)
30 (1107-1???) De PLUMPTON, Eldredus - ?
Note: It is from many sleepy towns of northern France i.e. Normandy that many of the most famous aristocratic families of [Norman] Britain sprang e.g. Cuinchy [de Quincy], Montbrai [Mowbray], Mortemer [Mortimer], La Pommeraye [Pomeroy], Sequeville [Sackville] and Ver [de Vere] (Andrew Bridgeford's 1066 p17).
23 (1305-1362) MOWBRAY, Christiana - De PLUMPTON, William
24 (1279-13??) MOWBRAY, John (Alexander) - ?
... Above is what I had before, now I can add ...
23 (1305-1362) MOWBRAY, Christiana - De PLUMPTON, William
24 (12xx-1361) (3rd Lord) de MOWBRAY, John, imprisoned w/Mom as a child, fought Scots, d. of plague - PLANTAGENET, Joan, ggdau of Henry III r1216-72
25 (1286-1322) (2nd Lord) de MOWBRAY, John, descended from K Henry II r1154-89 through his natural son Wm Longespee, Earl of Salisbury [find link], gave 'good svc to Crown' but rebelled against Edw II r1307-27, hanged 1322 at York, wife/son imprisoned - de BRAOSE, Aline
26 (12xx-1297) (1st Lord) de MOWBRAY, Roger, called to the Model Parliament of Edward I r1272-1307 in 1295 - ?
27 (1xxx-1266) de MOWBRAY, Roger, served in Scottish/Welsh campaigns [i.e. fighting for England under Henry III r1216-72 v. Scotland, Wales], bro of Nigel d1230 w/o issue - ?
28 (1xxx-12xx) de MOWBRAY, William, no admirer of King John 'Lackland' r1199-1216, 1 of 25 barons associated with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215, supported Louis of France against John’s successor (Henry III) but captured at Battle of Lincoln, ransomed, d1224 at Epworth (bro of Phillip, fndr of Scottish MOWBRAYs, likely bro of ? who m. PLUMPTON 1187-1244, see ahnen-sg) - ?
29 (11xx-1191) de MOWBRAY, Nigel, d1191 in Acre (i.e. on crusade)
30 (1xxx-1188) de MOWBRAY, Roger, changed his name from d’AUBIGNY on the orders of King Henry I 'Beauclerc' r1100-35 (son of WmConq), unclear why K wanted this. Its possible that Roger’s grandmother was Amicia de MOWBRAY (MONBRAI), Bishop Geoffrey and Roger de MOWBRAY’s sister. The younger Roger had a long and exciting life, became a famous crusader and died in 1188 (Marilyn ROBERTS is currently attempting to gather information on Sir Roger de MOWBRAY’s experiences in the Holy Land, cf her bk[s]).
31 (10xx-11xx) de MOWBRAY, Nigel, little known, but a cousin? of Robert d. c1129, Earl of Northumberland, a fearsome and lawless character, nephew of Bishop Geoffrey, spent 30yrs in prison at Windsor after rebelling against King Wm II 'Rufus' r1087-1100 (son of WmConq). This was the Robert de MOWBRAY who (w/his men) ambushed and k. King Malcolm III of Scotland and his son Edward 13 Nov 1093. They'd come seeking to negotiate w/English King Wm II Rufus, but were rebuffed. They were on their way back north when they were killed.
32 (xxxx-10xx) de MONBRAI [i.e. the name of a town in Normandy], Roger, fought at Hastings 1066, father of 'fearsome and lawless' Robt and bro of Geoffrey de MONBRAI, bishop of Coutances, a warrior priest who was present at the Battle of Hastings, Geoffrey was a great friend of WmConq r1066-87 and officiated at his coronation in Westminster Abbey; he became one of the 10 richest men in England
33 (09xx-10xx) de MONBRAI, ?, father of Biship Geoffrey and Roger, probably d. at MONBRAI
24 (1312-1345) PLANTAGENET (aka 'of Lancaster', Joan (wiki) - MOWBRAY, John (wiki, m. 28 Feb 1326/7, 3 kids; Blanche, Eleanor, John 4th, hmmm, no Christiana at wiki? so disputed)
25 (1281-1345) PLANTAGENET (aka "), Henry, 3rd Earl of L - CHAWORTH, Maud (1282-1322)
26 (1244-1296) PLANTAGENET (aka "), Edmund 'Crouchback' 1st Earl of Lancaster -
27 (1207-1272) King Henry III of England r1216-72 - PROVENCE, Eleanor de
28 (1167-1216) King John 'Lackland' of England r1199-1216 (son of Henry II, bro of Rich I LH) - Isabella of Angouleme (2nd wife)
29 (1133-1189) King Henry II r1154-89 [Th BECKET k1170] - Eleanor of Aquitaine
30 (xxxx-xxxx) Geoffrey (Count) of ANJOU - Matilda (dau of Henry I 'Beauclerc' of England r1100-35, had lost son in 'White Ship')
...
25 (12xx-13xx) de BRAOSE, Aline - (2nd Lord) de MOWBRAY, John (1286-1322)
...
And for ahnen-sg I can add:
23 WChristiana MOWBRAY (m3 Wm PLUMPTON)
24 John de MOWBRAY #3 d1361 - Joan PLANTAGENET (Christiana's parents)
25 John de MOWBRAY #2 d1322 - Aline de BRAOSE (some think these are Christiana's parents)
25 Henry P (aka '[3rd E] of Lancaster') d1345 - Maud CHAWORTH (Joan P's parents)
26 Roger de MOWBRAY d1297 #1 - Rohese de CLARE (John #2's parents)
26 Sir Wm de BRAOSE 2nd Baron BREWES b1274 - Agnes de MOELS (Aline's parents)
26 Edmund 'Crouchback' 1st E of L d1296 - ? (Henry's parents)
26 ? CHAWORTH - ? (Maud's parents)
27 Roger de MOWBRAY 1210-66 - Maud de BEAUCHAMP d1273 (Roger's parents)
27 Richard de CLARE 5th E of H, 2nd of G, 1222-62 - Maud de LACY (Rohese's parents)
27 Sir Wm de BRAOSE d1291 - Aline de MOULTON (Sir Wm's parents)
27 Nicholas de MOELS - Hawyse de NEWMARCHE (Agnes' parents)
27 King Henry III of England r1216-72 - Eleanor de PROVENCE (Edmund's parents)
27 (Edmund's wife's parents)
27 (? CHAWORTH's parents)
27 (? CHAWORTH's wife's parents)
28 Wm de MOWBRAY d1222/4 - Agnes d'AUBIGNY (Roger's parents)
28 Wm de BEAUCHAMP d1260 - Ida PLANTAGENET (Maud de B's parents)
28 Richard de CLARE 3rd E of Hertford 1162-1217 - Amicia FITZROBERT, Countess of Gloucester (Richard's parents)
28 (Maud de LACY's parents)
28 John de BRAOSE d1232 - Margaret Verch LLYWELYN (Sir Wm's parents)
28 ? MOULTON - ? (Aline's parents) [dead end]
28 ? de MOELS - ? (Nicholas' parents) [dead end]
28 ? de NEWMARCHE - ? (Hawyse' parents) [dead end]
28 King John 'Lackland' of England r1199-1216 - Isabella of Angouleme (Henry III's parents)
28 Eleanor's de PROVENCE parents
28 Edmund's wife's paternal gparents
28 Edmund's wife's maternal gparents
28 ? CHAWORTH's paternal gparents
28 ? CHAWORTH's maternal gparents
28 ? CHAWORTH's wife's paternal gparents
28 ? CHAWORTH's wife's maternal gparents
(32x)
29 Sir Nigel de MOWBRAY d1191 at Acre - Maud de CLARE (Wm's parents)
29 Wm d'AUBIGNY 1 E Arundel - Adeliza de LOUVAIN d1151 (Agnes' parents)
29 ? de BEAUCHAMP - ? (Wm's parents)
29 ? PLANTAGENET - ? (Ida's parents)
29 ? de CLARE - ? (Richard's parents)
29 ? FITZROBERT - ? (Amicia's parents)
29 ? de LACY - ? (Maud's pat gparents)
29 (Maud's pat gparents)
29 Wm de BRAOSE d1210 - Matilda de CLARE 1175-1210 (John's parents)
29 Llywelyn Ap Iowerth Prince of Wales The Great 1173-1240 - Joan PLANTAGENET 1210-38 (Margaret's parents)
29 6x dead ends
29 King John's parents
29 Isabella's parents
29 14 more of PROVENCE, CHAWORTH, ...
(64x)
30 Roger de MOWBRAY (frmrly d'AUBIGNY) d1188 - Alice de GAUNT
30 ? de CLARE - ? (Maud's parents)
30 ? d'AUBIGNY - ? (Wm's parents)
30 ? de LOUVAIN - ? (Adeliza's parents)
30 ? BEAUCHAMP - ? (Wm's pat gparents)
30 ? ? - ? (Wm's mat grandparents)
30 ? PLANTAGENET - ? (Ida's pat gparents)
30 ? ? - ? (Ida's mat gparents)
...
30 Wm de BRAOSE 4th Baron Bramber 1175-1211 - Maud St VALERY d1210 (Wm's parents)
30 Richard de CLARE 3rd Earl of Hertford 1162-1217 - Amicia FITZROBERT, Countess of Gloucester (Matilda's parents, repeat)
...
30 King John - Clemence PINEL (Joan's parents)
...
128x
31 Wm de BRAOSE 3rd Baron Bramber - Bertha de GLOUCESTER
256x
32 Philip de BRAOSE 2nd Baron Bramber - Aenor de TOTNAIS
32 Milo de GLOUCESTER Earl of Hertford d1143 - Sybil de NEUFMARCHE (Bertha's parents)
512x
33 Wm de BRAOSE 1st Baron Bramber d1087 - Agnes de CLARE
33 Aenor's parents?
33 Walter de GLOUCESTER 1065-1129 - Bertha FITZROGER (Milo's parents)
33 Bernard de NEUFMARCHE of Brecon and Nest - Nest (or Agnes) (Sybil's parents)
1024x
34 ? de BRAOSE - ? [dead end]
34 Waldron de CLARE - Helene le BON (Agnes' parents)
34 ...
34 Roger de PITRES - Eunice de BALUN (Walter's parents)
34 ? FITZROGER - ? (Bertha's parents)
34 Osbern FITZRICHARD b1055 - Nest (Agnes) (Bernard's parents)
2048x
35 Richard FITZSCROB 1030-67 - ? (Osbern's parents)
Most of above info came from www.stepneyrobarts.co.uk/137182.htm (ff).
22 Christiana MOWBRAY 1305-62 - Wm PLUMPTON 1294-1362 23
/ \
/ \
21 Robt PLUMPTON 1340-1407 - Isabella SCROPE Alicia PLUMPTON 1332-74 - John BOTELER 22
20 Wm PLUMPTON 1362-1405 - Alice GISBURN
19 Jane PLUMPTON b1397 - Wm MALLORY 1375-1445 Thomas GERARD - Alice BOTELER 1380-1441 21
18 Wm MALLORY b1404 - Dionisia TEMPEST Constance GERARD - Alexander STANDISH 20
17 John MALLORY b1427 - Isabel HAMERTON Ralph STANDISH b1424 - Marg't RADCLIFFE 19
16 Sir Wm MALLORY b1452 - Joan CONSTABLE Alex STANDISH b1438 - Sibella De BOLD 18
15 John MALLORY 1474-1528 - Margaret THWAITES Ralph STANDISH b1472 - Alice HARRINGTON 17
14 Wm MALLORY 1500-47 - Jane NORTON Roger STANDISH - ? 16
13 Sir Wm MALLORY 1525-1603 - Ursula GALE Eliz STANDISH b1523 - James PRESCOTT 15
12 Rafe MALLORY 1582-1634 - Grace NEAL
11 Peter MALLORY 1627-98 - Sarah WEEDEN Roger PRESCOTT b1540 - Ellen SHAW 14
10 Peter MALLORY 1653-91 - Elizabeth TROWBRIDGE Ralph PRESCOTT b1571 - Ellen ? 13
09 Zaccheus MALLORY b1699 - Sarah RISE John PRESCOTT b1604 - Mary PLATT 12
08 Nathaniel MALLORY 1742-1808) - Abiah BEARDSLEY Mary PRESCOTT - Thomas SAWYER 11
07 Andrew MALLORY b1780 - Mary WHITNEY
06 Belinda MALLORY 1812-74) - Edmund M DUNSMORE John SAWYER b1660 - Mary Bella BULL 10
James SAWYER b1694 - Martha ? 09
05 Edmund David DUNSMORE 1830-74 - Electa Martha HAVENS Major James SAWYER - Eliz ? 08
04 Alice Flora DUNSMORE 1873-1947 - Dervin GEARHART Benjamin SAWYER - Hannah WOOD 07
James Ben. SAWYER - Catherine NEARPASS 06
03 Eldon and Marguerite Benjamin Carpenter SAWYER - Mary VAL. 05
02 Rosena John Decker SAWYER - Carrie RACE 04
Clifford 03
JCS 02
This was the Robert de MOWBRAY who (w/his men) ambushed and k. King Malcolm III of Scotland and his son Edward 13 Nov 1093. They'd come seeking to negotiate w/English King Wm II Rufus, but were rebuffed. They were on their way back north when they were killed.
Prior to 19 March 1318, this John and William de ROS of Helmsley, at the king's direction, had seized the castle of Knaresborough, Yorkshire, 6 miles north of the PLUMPTON estate in Spofforth. William de ROS of Helmsley was a 2nd cousin of Sir William de PLUMPTON, their common ancestors being an earlier Sir William de ROS of Helmsley and Lucy Fitz Piers. Even though the younger John de MOWBRAY (Lord #3, John #2) was then still a child, having been born at Hovingham, Yorkshire on 29 Nov 1310, the king, on 1 April 1319, granted a license to John I to enfeoff John II his son and his heirs of his manor of Hovingham.
[Tho the 2nd Lord MOWBRAY, this is the 1st John or John I. Below it is stated that John I probably had a bro [Sir Knight] Geoffrey of Wroot, who was k. w/his son and servant at Epworth in 1354. Geoffrey's son John was therefore a 1st cousin of John II (3rd Lord d1361) and a contemporary of Christiana. It appears from their residence in the Isle of Axholme that they were cousins of John, Lord MOWBRAY, and therefore share his descent from William Longespee]
[Another MOWBRAY family of this time was William (de M of Easby) who m. Agnes. Their 1st son (and heir) was Thomas. Their 2nd son John was a judge. Wm was d. by 1320. Judge John was a contemporary of Christiana and d. c1373, outliving her by 9yrs. He was always called 'John son of Wm'. He was knighted 1360. His bro Thomas had a son named John, the judge's nephew. Judge John had a son Alexander who m. Elizabeth. Eliz was the judge's 'special servant' at Kirklington. Judge John also had a son John, a cleric who d. c1390. A likely uncle of the judge named 'John son of Wm' was pardoned by the king on 5 Aug 1302 for 'outlawry in the d. of Robt de BILDESDALE'. Neighbors of the M of Easby were the EUREs. Sir John de EURE (wife Agnes) was an associate of Thomas, E of Lancaster and John I, Lord MOWBRAY, and like them, was executed in 1322. Its remotely possible that Christiana was a sis of the judge (she and Wm PLUMPTON held Brenkley manor near Newcastle as feudal tenants of Sir John de EURE), but more likely that she fits as shown]
Hmmm, it was probably this John that was b. 4 Sep 1286, making him 36yo when he died. Many have thot THIS was the father was Christiana who m1. John SCOT m2. Richard de EMELDON and m3. Sir Wm de PLUMPTON (but it looks like that was this John's SON John). In any case, the Lord MOWBRAY b. 4 Sep 1286 was descended from King Henry II r1154-89 through his natural son William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury. For Lord MOWBRAY's line of descent from King Henry II, see Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry (2004), pp528-30.
Prior to the 1333 siege of Berwick and the Battle of Halidon Hill at which Richard de EMELDON and his men were killed, the king's forces gathered at Newcastle-upon-Tyne before departing toward Scotland. Among the king's train were the Lords PERCY and NEVILLE, as well as 'the lord ROS and the lord LUCY and the lord MOWBRAY' [this John, who d1361]. Henry le SCROPE (1312-1392), Sir William PLUMPTON's 1st cousin, was knighted at the siege of Berwick and fought at Halidon Hill. Sir William de ROS of Helmsley (d1343), PLUMPTON's 2nd cousin, was in 1333 'amongst the magnates who guaranteed the terms of surrender of Berwick'.
Geoffrey le SCROPE's wife was the sister of Sir William de PLUMPTON's mother [Lucy de ROS]. After John DENTON, who had succeeded Richard de EMELDON as Mayor of Newcastle, was murdered, [this] John, Lord MOWBRAY, served with Henry de PERCY on a commission convened on 4 May 1345 to investigate the killing.
The Scots were defeated at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 Oct 1346. Divisions of the English army were led by Henry de PERCY, Lord MOWBRAY, and others, and the cavalry was placed in reserve and commanded by William de ROS of Helmsley and others. Henry le SCROPE fought under PERCY. Sir William de PLUMPTON was probably in the retinue of Lord PERCY, his feudal superior. William de ROS of Helmsley (1329-1352), was the son and heir of the William de ROS of Helmsley who fought at Berwick, and was PLUMPTON's 2nd cousin once removed, their common ancestors being Sir William de ROS of Helmsley and Lucy Fitz PIERS. Henry le SCROPE, who also fought at Berwick and Halidon Hill, was PLUMPTON's 1st cousin. Henry's mother Juetta de ROS was the sister of PLUMPTON's mother Lucy de ROS.
Hmmm, www.mowbray.ddl-web-hosting.com/page29.htm says John was born 29 Nov 1310 in Hovington, Yorkshire and, still a minor at the death of his father in 1322, was imprisoned in the Tower of London for five years. In Jan 1327, on the deposition of Edward II, he was released and given livery of his father's lands, and was summoned to parliament from 10 Dec 1327 to 20 Nov 1360.
Henry PLANTAGENET, Earl of Lancaster, for services to Queen Isabella [Edw II's wife], was granted rights over the marriage of John, and married him to his 5th daughter Joan 28 Feb 1326/27. She pre-deceased him in 1349 [no kids] and he married secondly Elizabeth de VERE.
John was involved in protracted litigation from 1338-47 with his cousin Thomas de BRAOSE concerning the great estates in Wales and Sussex which had come to him through his mother, Alice (nee de BRAOSE). He also had a dispute, prior to his mother's death in 1322, with her 2nd husband Sir Richard PESHALL, regarding certain manors in Bedfordshire which he and his mother had granted PESHALL for life, and in 1329 he forcibly entered them.
Edward III came to the throne in 1327 following the barbarous murder of Edward II in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire. John de MOWBRAY was a member of the new king's council from 1328. In 1327, 1333, 1335 and again in 1337, he served in the north against the Scots. The year 1333 saw the seizure of Berwick by the English. In 1337, with war against France impending, John was ordered to arm his tenants in his lordship of Gower. In 1338 he had to provide ships for the king's passage to the continent and was sent down to his Sussex estates to counter the threat of a French landing. In view of continuing Scottish troubles, 1340 saw him appointed justiciar of Lothian and governor of Berwick-on-Tweed, and in Sep 1341 he was commanded to furnish BALLOL with men from his Yorkshire estates.
Note: Edw I chose John BALLIOL as Scot ldr 1292. He rebels, forms 'Auld Alliance' 1295, so Edw deposes him, then Wallace, Bruce exploits, Edw I d1307, Bruce d1329, then Edw BALLIOL, John's son, claims Scot crown, English defeat BALLIOL's Scot enemies at Halidon Hill 1333, but struggle to force him on Scots and then get distracted w/100yrs war w/France, so 1341 request must've been Edw III asking John de MOWBRAY to help Edw BALLIOL against his Scot foes in the continuing struggle impose him on the Scots, ultimately unsuccessful.
At Neville's Cross, Durham in 1346 (Edw III's reign) there was a great battle where Scot King David II was captured, and also John's Scottish cousin William de MOUBRAY. At this battle John fought in the 3rd line, and one of the chroniclers of the times loudly sang his praises: "He was full of grace and kindness - the conduct both of himself and his men was such as to resound to their perpetual honour."
A truce had begun in 1347, but at its expiry in 1352, John was appointed chief of the commissioners charged with the defence of the Yorkshire coast against the French, and had to furnish 30 men from Wales. In 1354 the Earl of WARWICK challenged John for the lordship of Gower, and succeeded, The Black Prince (Edw d1376, son of Edw III and father of Richard II) stepped in on John's behalf, but Edward III ruled in favour of Warwick. In 1335 the king sent John again to the Scottish border.
In Dec 1359 he was made a justice of the peace in the Holland district of Lincolnshire and in Feb of the next year, he became a commissioner of array at Leicester for the counties of Lancashire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire and Rutland. His last recorded duty as the king's servant was his summons to parliament in May 1360. On 4 Oct 1361 he died at Hoveringham, York in the 2nd plague outbreak, having lived through the 1st in 1348. He was buried in the Franciscan church at Bedford.
An insight into his character is given by a deed he granted in 1359. The North West of Lincolnshire is known as the Isle of Axholme and was a swampy low-lying area. In order to put an end to the disputes between his steward and tenants in the area, he reserved a small part of his extensive holdings for himself, and granted the remainder to his tenants 'in prepetuum'. This deed was jealously preserved in Haxey church "in a chest bound with iron, whose key was kept by some of the chiefest freeholders, under a window wherein was a portraiture of MOWBRAY, set in an ancient stained glass, holding in his hand a writing, commonly reported to be an emblem of the deed". The window was broken down in the "rebellious times", when the rights of the commoners under the deed were in large measures overridden, despite their protests, by the drainage scheme begun by Cornelius VERMUYDEN in 1626.
John was succeeded by his son, also John.
The same site (page30) says of Joan that she was born c1312, was the 5th daughter of Henry PLANTAGENET (1281-1345), Earl of Lancaster and Leicester and his wife Maud de CHAWORTH (1282-1322). Joan died 7 Jul 1349, pre-deceasing her husband [John de MOWBRAY]. Henry was a grandson of Henry III (1207-1272), his father being Edmund 'Crouchback', 1st Earl of Lancaster (1244/45-1296) and 4th child and 2nd son of Henry III and Eleanor de PROVENCE. Consequently Henry was a nephew of Edward I and cousin to Edward II. His services to Isabella, queen to Edward II, were probably in support of her [Isabella] during the coup in the name of Edward III against his mother [Isabella, sis of Edw II] and [her lover Roger] MORTIMER in 1320.
[Hmmm, right in here somewhere is cousin? Sir Philip de MOWBRAY, father of Sir John M of Redcastle (a contemporary of Christiana), and a son of Sir Galfrid or Geoffrey de MOWBRAY and a daughter of Red John COMYN [k1306 by BRUCE, cf Comyn.html], see below. Philip's wife was Eve. In addition to Sir John, they had 3 daus who m. Ancelm de GYSES, Robert GOWER, and David MERSCHAL. Sir John supported John BALLIOL and was k. at Annan 26 Dec 1332]
This is my line (me 0, Mom S 1, Christiana 21), tracing back thru GEARHARTs (Eldon 2), DUNSMOREs (Alice 3), MALLORYs (6-19) and PLUMPTONs.
AW's WoR pp30-5 tells of KoE Richard II's incompetent and, after 1397, tyrannical rule, opposed by the 'Lords Appellant' (LA) led by Henry of Bolingbroke (HB) and including the king's uncle Th of Woodstock, Richard FitzAlan E of Arundel (a leading magnate), Th Mowbray E of Nottingham (TM) and ? BEAUCHAMP E of Warwick). After the king had his own uncle Th of W ass., TM warned HB of danger to other LAs, but when HB told his dad John of Gaunt, latter told king IN THE PRESENCE of both TM/HB!? In horror, HB accused TM of treason and vice versa. Both men were sentenced to a duel the next year (1398), but Richard chg'd it to exile at the last minute (keeping both men waiting on their dueling horses for hours). HB fled to Paris but later returned to usurp the throne as Henry IV, while TM never saw England again, undertaking a pilgrimage to Jerusalem but d. of Black Death en route home.
Thomas was the Father of ...
AW's WoR p198 says that at St Albans 1455 (1st of 17 WoR battles), York hoped Norfolk (John MOWBRAY) would rally to his support, but tho the Duke led a force into Hertfordshire, he made no attempt to join either side, preferring to remain neutral for the present. Many other magnates were also cautious since York's actions looked alot like rebellion, even treason, against the lawful king.
John was the Father of ...
King Richard III r1483-5 divided the MOWBRAY inheritance between John HOWARD, who became 1st Duke of NORFOLK in a new creation, and William BERKELEY, made Earl of NOTTINGHAM, sons of the original Duke of NORFOLK’s daughters Margaret and Isabel MOWBRAY. The HOWARDs (now FITZALAN-HOWARD) still hold the dukedom of NORFOLK.
"Vital to Scottish state-making was the creation of a new [post-1066] Anglo-Norman nobility alongside the old native nobility ... Scottish society was deeply affected by the aristocratic [French] ethos and conventions of [Norman] England and France. Many knightly incomers were themselves of Norman-French descent: e.g. the BRUCEs, COLVILLEs, and MOWBRAYs hailed originally from Normandy; the STEWARTs from Brittany; the BALLIOLs from Picardy; the DOUGLASes and MURRAYs from Flanders ... English - or at least England-based and Anglicized - families ... GIFFARDs, LINDSAYs, MORVILLEs, OLIFARDs [Oliphants], RIDELs and others arrived from the earldom of HUNTINGDON ... Foremost was a small group of magnates like the COMYNs and STEWARTs ... Scots kings' shrewd policy of recruiting lesser English landowners, often younger sons ... [e.g.] David I's [r1124-53] constable Hugh de MORVILLE, and his steward Walter son of Alan, 1st of the STEWARTs" (Scotland: A History, ed. Jenny Wormald, Oxford, 2005, 380pp, Mustang, p53). Older gaelic mormaerships [i.e. earldoms] "Buchan passed to the COMYNs 1212, Angus to the UMFRAVILLEs 1243, Menteith to the COMYNs c1234, then to the STEWARTs 1261" (58).
The intro blurb for Tranter's 'Book One' of the BRUCE Trilogy says: Robert the BRUCE, both Norman lord and Celtic earl, is one of the great heroic figures of all time. But he wasn't always a hero - as he wasn't always a king. He grew towards both under the shadow of a still greater hero - Wm WALLACE - in that terrible forcing-ground of heroism and treachery alike, the Wars of Independence which, from 1296-1314, hammered Scotland into the very dust until only the enduring idea of freedom remained to her. Edward [I] Longshanks, King of England, was the Hammer of the Scots, a great man gone wrong, a magnificent soldier flawed by consuming hatred and lust for power. These 2 fought out their desperate, appalling duel, w/Scotland as prize - should any of Scotland survive. But this tremendous story isn't all blood and fire. Eliz de BURGH saw to that. Humor and laughter are here too, color and beauty, faith and love. This enormous and ambitious theme of BRUCE the hero king is no light challenge for a writer. Nigel Tranter has waited thru nearly 30yrs of novel-writing to tackle it. In this, the 1st of a trilogy, he ends that long apprenticeship and takes up the challenge.
Wm WALLACE was a mighty warrior of a man but untitled i.e. son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie in the Ettrick Forest, who was bro to Sir WALLACE of Riccarton, "a small knight, vassal of [BRUCE's] gsire [i.e. the competitor]. When BRUCE met the rebels "in the hall of Eglinton's Seagate Castle at Irvine" (80) in Mar 1297, he himself was the highest ranking noble, and they included:
- Robert WISHART, Bishop of Glascow
- the STEWARD (i.e. James, 5th HSS)
- Sir Wm [STEWART, but also 5th Lord of] DOUGLAS [bro of HSS]
- Sir John STEWART of Bonkill [bro of HSS]
- Sir Alexander LINDSAY, Lord of CRAWFORD
- Andrew MORAY, Lord of BOTHWELL
- Sir John the GRAHAM, of Dundaff
- Sir Robert BOYD of Cunninghame
- Thomas DALTON, Bishop of Galloway
- Sir Richard LUNDIN
- and 'other knights and barons of less renown' (80)
Richard de EMELDON's eldest dau (from 1st m.) was Agnes, who m. Adam GRAPER. His 2nd dau was Matilda/Maud who m. Richard ACTON of Newcastle (hmmm, ancestor of Lord ACTON?). Rich/Maud's dau Eliz m. Richard de WIDDRINGTON. Their son Edmund de W was outlawed 12 Feb 1346 by the Bishop of Durham for 'divers felonies and trespasses committed in Newcastle'.
pic(s) of AW b1951
AW's other bks:
- 1989 Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogies
- 1991 The 6 Wives of Henry VIII (br-6wh8)
- 1992 The Princes in the Tower
- 1995 The Wars of the Roses
- 1998 The Children of Henry VIII (br-ch8, own)
- 1999 Eleanor of Aquitaine
- 2001 King Henry VIII
- 2003 Mary Queen of Scots and Darnley
- 2005 Isabella, She-Wolf of France [hmmm, source of 'She-Wolves' bk title?]
- 2007 Katheryn Swinford [mistress/wife of John of Gaunt]
- 2009 The Lady in the Tower [Anne Boleyn]
- 2010 The Traitors of the Tower [?]
- 2011 The Ring and the Crown
- 2011 Mary Boleyn
- 2013 Elizabeth of York
- 2015 The Last Tudor Princess [c/o from FHL]
Fiction: 5 novels 07 Innocent Traitor ... 14 M Ganu?
