BRUCE Family
KoS Robt I the Bruce b1274 r1306-29
BRUCE Family
KoS Robt I the Bruce b1274 r1306-29
The earliest known ancestor of this branch is Robert de BRUS (BRUX), born in Normandy c1040 and came w/WmConq in 1066. He was later created Earl of Northumberland. I'm still researching these "royal" roots. Any information would be greatly appreciated. I'm assuming my 27 Robert De ROOS 1177-1223 is the same as Robert BRUCE 1177-1223, as shown below i.e. ggfather to both King Robert I 'the BRUCE' and Lucy ROOS, making them 2nd cousins.
The Bruce Fund (mutual fund) is based at 20 N Wacker Dr, ste 2414, Chicago and run by Robt B BRUCE (Pres., Treas.) and (son?) R Jeffrey BRUCE (VP, Sec'y).
James BRUCE of John Brown Univ. taught the following courses at the 2018 Acton Univ. conference: Individual Rights & Social Justice, Legislating Morality: Its Not as Scary as You May Think.
How about FoxNews commentator Tammy BRUCE ...
Also Alexander BRUCE, 2nd E of Kincardine from Lisa JARDINE's bk 'Going Dutch'. Almost 10yrs after Chas I's ex at hgt of English Commonwealth, BRUCE and his friend, Scot courtier Sir Robt MORAY [MURRAY] were both living in exile in TDR. BRUCE was attached to itinerant court of Chas II, while MORAY had settled in Maastricht, part of a substantial English garrison assisting the Dutch Orangists to protect the S Prot Dutch border. Both were staunch royalists whose families were closely tied to the fortunes of the STUARTS. Cut off from England (for now, but to them no liklihood of chg), both were spending spare time dabbling w/scientific activities. MORAY had a chem lab and both were interested in pharma and medical remedies. Also precision time-keepers. MORAY wrote BRUCE in Apr 1658, latter in Bremen where his fam had salt/coal business interests. Ltr re Christian HUYGENS' rsrch/dev of pendulum clocks. The next yr 1659 AB m. Veronica v A S, dau of Cornelis v A, Heer van Sommelsdijck, the wealthiest man, and one of the most pol. prominent, the United Provs (UP). The couple set up a home in the Hague (he had others in [Culross, Fife (home, coalmines)] Scotland and London). The van AERSSENS were a distinguished diplomatic fam who'd served the house of Orange for 3 gens. They were neighbors of the HUYGENS' in het Plein, the smartest quarter of The Hague, close to the Mauritshuis. On the eve of the Restoration, BRUCE (now EoK) became an extremely rich and influential man in Holland, and family frd of CH, one of the most celebrated horologists [clock experts] in Europe. Also an ancestor of James BOSWELL. Summer '60 MORAY returned to London, given sr Scot appt in new govt of Chas II, part of inner circle, lodged in Whitehall Palace. Veronica laid out a Dutch-style garden in Scotland w/imported tulips. Royal Society est. London 11-28-60 by ... incl John WILKINS, Robt BOYLE, Christopher WREN, Lord BROUNCKER, Henry OLDENBURG (educ'd at Utrecht), Robt HOOKE, MORAY, BRUCE, HUYGENS (for. member) (268-79). There was competition between the Bruce-Huygens effort v. the Hooke-Brouncker one. When HOOKE applied for a patent Jan 1665 that 'lit a fire' under HUYGENS to rush his ideas into one too (281-4). Controversial to this day but HUYGENS got credit for 3 key innovations; the pendulum clock (1658), the longitude pendulum timekeeper (1665 i.e. accurate time allows calc of longitude by measuring angle of sun's elevation) and the balance-spring regulator (1674 i.e. pendulum isochronous stabilizing effect using 'spring' inside a clock [pocket watch], 289). Another factor was war between Engl/TDR/France, so that by 1676 CH (who had a science position in Paris) succumbed to some sort of nervous illness and returned to The Hague permanently (290).
Hmmm, same as or connected to ...
26 1177-1226 Robt BRUCE 4 L A - Isabel HUNTINGDON
27 114x-12xx BRUCE, Robert 3rd Lord of Annandale - ? (illeg. dau of WmLion)
28 111x-11xx BRUCE, Robert 2nd Lord of Annandale (fought at Battle of Standard 1138) - ?
29 108x-11xx de BRUS (BRUX), Robert, Lord of Cleveland, 1st Lord of Annandale c1124 - ?
30 105x-11xx de BRUS, ? - ?
31 102x-10xx de BRUS, ? (original Norman-French BRUCE who came w/WmConq in 1066) - ?
Also
1-11 JCS ... AlexSt ...
12 ... CHANDLER line ...
21 1300-133x CHAUNDELER, Richard Le b. Strotfold Hundred, Wiltsh d. France (note) - Matilda (Maud) dau of Robt the Bruce, 6th Lord of Annandale m. Marjorie C of Carrick
... 31 L'AIGLE
1-11 JCS ... AlexSt ...
12 ... MURRAY line ...
25 1285-1332 MURRAY, Andrew of T [b123x] b/d Perth ex treason (coa) - BRUCE, Christina 1273-1357 dau of Robt the B 6 L A m. Marjorie C of Carrick
... 29 ...
1-14 ... AlexSt ...
15 1472-1527 MAXWELL, Marion (red plaid) - 1472-1513 CHRICHTON, Robt 2 L C of Sanquhar 1472-1513 d. Flodden (coa)
16 144x-15xx MAXWELL, John - BOYD, Marion (dau of ?)
17 141x-14xx MAXWELL, Alexander (son of ?) - BRUCE, Helen (dau of ?)
Hmmm, now [1-2-21] geni says Edw son of 22 Robt d1403 [bdate unk] - Annabelle SCRYMGEOUR ... Robt son of 23 Robt B Baron Clackmannan & Rate, proprietor of lands of Kennet 1359-93 b. C (coa) - Isobell STEWART b1348 ... Robt son of 24 Sir Robt B d. aft 1330 - ? ... Robt son of 25 Th B eol - Marj CHARTERIS ... but cf above
AGM p135: At the very end of [Chas II's] life, Th BRUCE L Ailesbury remembered him retiring to bed, letting his guard down, laughing merrily w/his L and Groom (Irishman Dan O'NEILL, also James HAMILTON eldest of 9 kids of Irish RCC aristocrats, tho HE a Prot, mom Ormond's sis) of Bedchamber; Mr Henry KILLGREW always had some amusing buffoonery his head head ... K enjoyed company, was very social, open w/friends ... p136ff key assoc Clarendon (HYDE), Ormond (BUTLER), Sir Edw Nicholas, Southampton (Th 'call me Risley' 4 E) 'quartet of grandees' who tsk-tsk'd the young, late-40s Th KILLIGREW, Geo DIGBY E Bristol (dad Chas I's amb to Spain, both knew Spanish, useful), Sir Chas BERKELEY ... 5 TALBOT bros 'a constant thorn in Chas' side' ...
3 Rosena and 11 Wm B (ca 29) are 17c 8x on this line
4 JCS and 11 Wm B (ca 22) are 10c 7x
3 Rosena and 4 JCS (ca 29) are 24C 1x
-1 Deb K 23g gdau of 24 KoS Robt I 'the Bruce'
1 JCS 21g gson of 24 "
-1 Deb K and -1 JCS (14) are 15c on this line
8 LHS and 2 JCS (3 Rosena) (ca 25) are 16c 6x (5x) removed
3 Rosena and 2 JCS (ca 24) are 20th cousins once removed on this line
-1 Deb is 19g gdau to KoS Robt III - Q Annabella
-1 Deb and 2 JCS (20) are 17c 3x
2 JCS 19g gson (21 gens from) of 23 KoS Robt I, 20 gens from 22 Margery B - WS 6th HS, 19 gens from KoS 21 Robt II, 18 gens from 20 KoS Robt III
Leo DAMROSCH' 'The Club' (Yale, 2019, 473pp, FHL) shares an interesting story about James BOSWELL. In 1765 while on his 'European Grand Tour' JB visited Corsica, very rarely visited by outsiders. It was much in the news re a rebellion v. city-state Genoa, which had gov'd it since the MA. C-an rebels held the mtn-ous interior, led by charismatic gen. Pasquale PAOLI (pics p120, 243). ROUSSEU had mentioned C in his 'Social Contract' as the one place left in Europe not yet prey to modernization (i.e. 'noble savages'), that might still become a true republic, saying 'I have a promonition that one day this little island will astonish Europe' (119). JB viewed the C-ans as, like the Scots, a brave people in rugged highlands defending their freedom v. outside pwrs. He hoped to write a book on the struggle, winning fame (which he did). But just 1yr later the rebellion collapse, w/Genoa ceding cntl of island to France, which promptly invaded, and has cont'd to govn Corsica ever since (243). Paoli escaped over the mtns w/his entourage, which incl'd a lawyer named Carlo BUONAPARTE, whose wife gave birth 3mos later to Napoleon! 'Only in that ironic way would R's prophecy in the SC be fulfilled'.
Other JB & 'The Club' notes ... (cf br-tph.html)
1 Warren B - Becky ? (single mom, dad left bef. Tammy born, raised Tammy in NYC, Tammy's intelligence earned her scholarship to ...)
0 Tammy K BRUCE 8/20 1962- b. Los Angeles, CA (Scot dad, Italian mom, raised 'Chr but I don't practice it much' ...) - 'partner' Brenda BENET
3 ? B Plymouth Brethren preacher b188x - ?
2 F(rederick) F(yvie) BRUCE 1910-90 b. 10/12 Elgin, Moray, Scotland d. 9/11 79yo Buxton, Derbysh 'Dean of Evang. Scholars' and NT Scholar, Rylands Prof of Bib. Crit. at Univ of Manchester
put this here til I make a Moray or Murray.html file
28 Comte Ollec de Flandre II 1065-1111 b. Flanders d. France aka 'Robt of Jerusalem' 'Rober the Crusader' Count of Flanders (son of ?) (tree) - ?
27 Laird Freskin 'the Fleming' SUTHERLAND 1st L of Duffus c1107-<66 b. Flanders d. DC (coa) - ?
26 Wm of Sutherland 1138-c1203 b/d DC (coa) - ?
25 Sir Kgt Wm de Moravia 1164-1226 b. Duffus C, Duffus, Moraysh d. Perth (coa) - ? OLIFARD
24 Baron Wm de M of Bothwell, canon of M [1st L Bothwell] 1195-1244 b. BC d. Golspie, Invernessh (now Sutherland) (coa) - ? MacDUFF
23 Sir Andrew de M of Boswell c1222-97 b. BC d. of wounds fr B of Stirling Bridge (grn shield coa) - Euphemia COMYN
22 Sir Wm de Moray of D c1255-c1300 b. Bothwell C, Glasgow d. Drums. (shield coa) - ?
21 Sir John M of D c1280-1322 b. Drums., Cambuslang, Lanarksh (coa) - Mary of STRATHEARN
20 Sir Alex MORAY of Drumsargard b134x - Janet 'Jean' de ROSS dau of Hugh 4 E R - Marg GRAHAM (coa) dau of Sir David G of Kincardine - Isabella of Perthsh ...
19 Sir Andrew MORAY of Ogilvy & Abercairny b137x - Agnes CONYNGHAM of Glengarnock dau of Sir Humphrey C of G - Jean BUCHANAN
18 Sir Kgt Humphrey MORAY of Ogilvy and Abercairny b1404 Ogilvy - Cath GRAHAM dau of ?
17 Andrew MORAY of Abercairnie c1460-1513 b. Abercairne d. Flodden - Mary ROBERTSON
16 Geo MORAY 1485-1514 b. Abercairnie, Crieff, Perth (son of ?) but geni says d. Flodden, son of Andrew - Agnes LINDSAY b1488 b. Edzell Castle, Brechin, Angus (dau of ?)
15 John MORAY c1515-47 b. Aberciarnie d. 9/10 Musselburgh, E Lothian - Lady Nicola GRAHAM 1520-76 b. Kincadine, Fife (dau of ?)
14 Robt M of Abercairney (near Crieff) b154x (hmmm, possibly ancestry.com Robt MURRAY 1542-94 b. Abercairne, Fowles Wester, Perthsh, if so cf above line)
13 Sir Mungo MORAY of Craigie 1570-16xx b. Craigie, Perthsh, Perthsh laird - ? dau of Geo HALKET of Pitfirran, Dunfermline (an uncle of Sir Robt had been a personal servant of Henry Frederick PoW)
12 Sir Robt MORAY (MURREY, MURRAY) 1608/9-73 7/4 Scot soldier, statesman, diplomat, judge, spy, freemason and natural philosopher (scientist, frd of Chr HUYGENS cf GD ...), well known to Chas I and II, Richelieu and Mazarin. Fnding member of English Royal Society, younger bro Wm was Mstr of Wrks to Chas II ... m Sophia LINDSAY b1624, dau of David L 1 L Balcarres, she d. in childbirth 1653
I'll put these here for now, related to John B above?
31 Hawise de BALIOL b1075 Bywell, Northumberland (dau of ?) - Sir Wm BERTRAND of Mitford C
30 Sir Kgt Roger B 1128-77 - Ada de MORVILLE
29 Wm B 1157-1205 - Alice de UMPFREVILLE
28-5 7th US Pres Andrew JACKSON ... cf Umpfrevi.html
29 Robt BELLAIS 1130-55 b/d Engl son of ? - Beatrix SOUTHWELL dau of ?
28 Wm B b. Apr 1150 d. 1180 b/d Engl - ?
27 Wm B [II] 1180-1210 b. Apr b/d Engl - ?
26 Th B 1210-37 b. Apr b/d Engl - Sybyll de Fitz RENFRID 1210-63 b/d Yorksh dau of ?
25 Sir John de BALLIOL of Carlton 1236-1301 b. Carlton, Yorksh d. N Riding, Y - Kath / Ladereyne de BRUS dau of 26 Peter II de B - Hawise ... cf above
24 kids Sibyl STAPLETON (-> PBS), Joan de BELLEW, Wm de BELLEW
- 24 Sibyl de B 1263-1301 b. N Riding, Yorksh d. Stapleton, Shropsh (coa) - Sir Miles de STAPLETON 1 B S
- 23 Sir Kgt Gilbert de S 1297-1321 b/d Bedale, Yorksh (coa) - Matilda Agnes FitzALAN
- 22 Sir Bryan de S 1321-94 b/d Yorksh Kgt of Garter (coa) - Alice St PHILIBERT
- 21 Sir Kgt Miles de S 1365-1400 b/d Yorksh (coa) - Johanna UFFLETE
- 20 John S 1399-1455 b/d Yorksh - Margaret NORTON
- 19-3 Wm Randolph HEARST ... cf Holland.html
27 Margaret de BALLIOL 1167-1262 b/d Bywell, Northumberland (dau of ?) - Richard d'UMPFREVILLE
26 ... to 7th Pres Andrew JACKSON (cf Umpfrevi.html)
27 Eustache de BALLIOL (d'Helicourt) B of Bywell 1168-1209 b. H, France d. Barnard C, Durham [Dunholm cf tLK] (ruins, son of ?) - Perronnelle FitzPIERS (LUTEGARESHALE)
26 Hugh de B of B C 1189-1229 b/d B C (C pic) - Cecily de FONTAINES
25 KoS John de B I 5 B Bywell 1208-68 b/d B C (pic) - Devorguilla Nic Alan of Galloway ggdau of KoS David I ...
- 24 Alianora (Isabel) de B - John 'the Black' COMYN
- 23-2 Rosena - JCS ... cf Dunsmore.html
- 2 Rosena and 2 Abe L (ca 25) 22c
24 Cecilia de B 1240-73 b/d B C (coa) - John de BURGH II
- 23 Devorquille de B 1257-84 b. Hertfordsh d. Essex - Robt FitzWalter 1 B F
- 22 Christina F 1275-1315 b. Essex d. Norfolk - Sir Wm MARSHALL
- 21 Hawise M 1300-27 b. Mitford, Norfolk - Sir Robt de MORLEY
- 20 Cecily de M 1322-85 b. Morley, Norfolk - Roger de HEVENINGHAM
- 19 John H 1340-79 b. Norfolk - Joanne GYSSINGE
- 18 Isabel Eliz H 1366-1460 b. Suffolk d. Norfolk - John BERNEY Esq
- 17 Eliz B 1402-60 b/d Norfolk (twr) - Sir Kgt Osbert MONDEFORD
- 16 Mary M 1438-96 b. N (ruins) - Sir Kgt Wm TYNDAL
- 15 John T 1483-1539 (coa) - Amphilice CONINGSBY
- 14-2 16th US Pres Abe LINCOLN ... cf Lincoln.txt
23 Margaret de B 1264-1304 b. Sussex-sh d. Staffordsh - Richard Og de BURGH 2 E Ulster
22 Joan de B 1300-59 b/d Irel (coa) - Sir John 'Le Neveu' DARCY 1 B D
- 21 Wm D b1330 Co Meath - Cath FitzGERALD
- 20 John d'ARCY b1355 - Jane PETIT
- 19 Wm d'A b138x - Anne BARNEWALL
- 18 John d'A b141x - Marg FLEMING
- 17-8 Methodist co-fndr John WESLEY 1703-91 ... cf Douglas.html ('Le Neveu' also in Umpfrevi and Boteler)
21 Eliz D 1332-90 b/d Irel (pic) - James BUTLER 2 E Ormond
- 20 Alianore ... to -1 Orson WELLES ... cf Boteler.html
20 James B 3 E O - Anne WELLES
19 James 'the White Earl' B - Eliz 'Joan' de BEAUCHAMP (gdau of 21 Th B - Kath MORTIMER, ca of 1 Larry JACOBUS)
18-6 Percy Bysshe SHELLEY ... cf Beauchamp.html
"Vital to Scottish state-making was the creation of a new [post-1066] Anglo-Norman nobility alongside the old native nobility ... Scottish society was deeply affected by the aristocratic [French] ethos and conventions of [Norman] England and France. Many knightly incomers were themselves of Norman-French descent: e.g. the BRUCEs, COLVILLEs, and MOWBRAYs hailed originally from Normandy; the STEWARTs from Brittany; the BALLIOLs from Picardy; the DOUGLASes and MURRAYs from Flanders ... English - or at least England-based and Anglicized - families ... GIFFARDs, LINDSAYs, MORVILLEs, OLIFARDs [Oliphants], RIDELs and others arrived from the earldom of HUNTINGDON ... Foremost was a small group of magnates like the COMYNs and STEWARTs ... Scots kings' shrewd policy of recruiting lesser English landowners, often younger sons ... [e.g.] David I's [r1124-53] constable Hugh de MORVILLE, and his steward Walter son of Alan, 1st of the STEWARTs" (Scotland: A History, ed. Jenny Wormald, Oxford, 2005, 380pp, Mustang, p53). Older gaelic mormaerships [i.e. earldoms] "Buchan passed to the COMYNs 1212, Angus to the UMFRAVILLEs 1243, Menteith to the COMYNs c1234, then to the STEWARTs 1261" (58).
The intro blurb for Tranter's 'Book One' of the BRUCE Trilogy says: Robert the BRUCE, both Norman lord and Celtic earl, is one of the great heroic figures of all time. But he wasn't always a hero - as he wasn't always a king. He grew towards both under the shadow of a still greater hero - Wm WALLACE - in that terrible forcing-ground of heroism and treachery alike, the Wars of Independence which, from 1296-1314, hammered Scotland into the very dust until only the enduring idea of freedom remained to her. Edward [I] Longshanks, King of England, was the Hammer of the Scots, a great man gone wrong, a magnificent soldier flawed by consuming hatred and lust for power. These 2 fought out their desperate, appalling duel, w/Scotland as prize - should any of Scotland survive. But this tremendous story isn't all blood and fire. Eliz de BURGH saw to that. Humor and laughter are here too, color and beauty, faith and love. This enormous and ambitious theme of BRUCE the hero king is no light challenge for a writer. Nigel Tranter has waited thru nearly 30yrs of novel-writing to tackle it. In this, the 1st of a trilogy, he ends that long apprenticeship and takes up the challenge.
Wm WALLACE was a mighty warrior of a man but untitled i.e. son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie in the Ettrick Forest, who was bro to Sir WALLACE of Riccarton, "a small knight, vassal of [BRUCE's] gsire [i.e. the competitor]. When BRUCE met the rebels "in the hall of Eglinton's Seagate Castle at Irvine" (80) in Mar 1297, he himself was the highest ranking noble, and they included:
- Robert WISHART, Bishop of Glascow
- the STEWARD (i.e. James, 5th HSS)
- Sir Wm [STEWART, but also 5th Lord of] DOUGLAS [bro of HSS]
- Sir John STEWART of Bonkill [bro of HSS]
- Sir Alexander LINDSAY, Lord of CRAWFORD
- Andrew MORAY, Lord of BOTHWELL
- Sir John the GRAHAM, of Dundaff
- Sir Robert BOYD of Cunninghame
- Thomas DALTON, Bishop of Galloway
- Sir Richard LUNDIN
- and 'other knights and barons of less renown' (80)
She's got many ref's to Lord ROOS, and 1 each for Sir Richard and Sir Wm. In Nov 1459 Henry BEAUFORT 3rd D of Somerset 1436-64 ex attacked Warwick at his Calais redoubt and, unlike the 1st rebuff earlier that year, managed to capture Guisnes Catle, an English stronghold nearby. But Warwick captured Somerset's most important cmdrs, the new Lord AUDLEY and Humphrey STAFFORD (cf Neville?), while another, Lord ROOS, deserted and returned to England (233).
Then in Oct 1460, after Parliament had reversed the attainders against York et al, on 11/8 York was proclaimed heir apparent to the throne and Protector of England. He now ruled England in the name of the incapacitated Henry VI. These actions (aka The Act of Accord) provoked a furious pol. storm. Q Margaret had marched S from Scotland w/Scot recruits, reinforced by large numbers from Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire (the N was strongly Lancastrian, but many lords were mostly interested in plundering the prosperous and envied S). Meanwhile Somerset and (STAFFORD) Devon were coming up from the SW to join them. Then Marg learned that Lords Clifford, ROOS, Greystoke, Neville and Latimer were en route to join her too. In late Nov her large army headed S from York toward London as York/Salisbury led a Yorkist army N to meet them while Warwick stayed to guard/rule London (253). It was 20k v. 12k so York was outnumbered (not sure if this includes 'Lord Neville' 8k responding to York's summons but then deserting to the Lancastrians!? relation to Warwick?). Tho he shouldn't have, York left the safety of his Sandal Castle on 12/30 and was k. shortly after (w/17yo son and uncle Salisbury and ~1k others) in the Battle of Wakefield (5th of 17 in WoR). (James BUTLER E of) Wiltshire and ROOS had hidden their armies in woods on either side of York's castle (253-6).
At 2nd St Albans 2-17-1461 (7 of 17) the Q's army was led by (HOLLAND) Exeter, Somerset, Devon, (TALBOT) Shrewsbury, (Henry PERCY 3rd E of) Northumberland, (John 9th Lord, ggson of 'Hotspur' PERCY) Clifford, (Eliz WOODVILLE's 1st hubby) Sir John Grey, ROOS and other peers (267).
At Ferrybridge 3/28 and Towton 3/29/1461, battles 8-9 of 17, the mainly N army of the Lancastrians was led by Somerset, Exeter, Northumberland, Devon, (Sir Andrew) Trollope, and the Lords FitzHugh, Hungerford, Beaumont, Dacre of Gilsland, ROOS and Grey of Codnor (279). Towton was probably the bloodiest battle ever to take place on English soil (284) and profoundly affected all Englishmen e.g. savagery on such a scale was shocking even in that warlike age. Total k. were likely ~40k. It broke the power of the great families of the N. Henry VI and Marg were in York w/Exeter, ROOS and Dr John MORTON (later AoC) awaiting the results. Once they heard their army had been virtually annihilated, they packed what they could carry and fled N toward Scotland (to seek the help of Q Mary of Gueldres), vowing revenge (285, Somerset joined them soon).
In Nov 1461 the 1st Parliament under Edw IV met, passing 11/4 Acts of Attainder against 150 Lancastrians, including the 'usurper' Henry VI, Margaret, 'Prince' Edw, Somerset, Exeter, Devon, Wiltshire, Northumberland, Fortescue, Beaumont, ROOS, Clifford, Hungerford, Welles, Neville, Dacre and Trollope (many were already dead but their heirs would suffer confiscation of property, 308).
Oct 1462 Q Marg and Prince Edw sailed from Normandy to Northumberland w/an army of 2k. When repulsed at Tynemouth they headed further N to near Alnwick. There they were warned of Warwick's approach w/an army of 40k, causing most of the army to disperse and ships to leave, leaving the small group to ride a fishing boat toward Bamburgh, where it broke up on the rocks! But w/her French troops she captured Dunstanburgh, Alnwick and Warkworth Castles, leaving her in virtual possession of Northumberland. Many English resented the French troops and stayed away, but she soon headed N to Berwick where she found Henry VI, Somerset, Exeter, (Jasper TUDOR E of) Pembroke, ROOS, Hungerford and Morton. Hearing Edw IV was headed N w/an army, Marg left Somerset in chg of Bamburgh (supported by ROOS, Pembroke and Sir Ralph PERCY, who'd recently turned traitor to Edw). But by 11/13 she realized her numbers were no match for the Yorkists, she fled w/Henry VI, Pierre de Breze and ~400 soldiers from Bamburgh in a small caravel, hoping for rescue by a French ship. But once again she was shipwrecked, this time on Holy Island, soon captured by Yorkists. This is when Somerset joined Edw IV's side for a time, but later reneged (312-3).
Early Dec 1463 Edw IV finally signs truce w/Scotland. On 10/8 Henry VI crossed the border w/his small court and took up residence at Bamburgh, where for the next few months he'd rule what remained of his kingdom i.e. the Northumbrian castles. Marg's son Edw the 'Prince' was now 10yo. Dec is also when Somerset deserted Edw, riding from Wales for Newcastle, but was discovered en route and forced to flee to Marg in France. This hurt Edw IV bitterly, since he'd shown much (incl personal) goodwill to Somerset. Edw was forced to put down many Lancastrian uprisings e.g. Sir Wm Tailboys found hiding in a coalmine near Newcastle w/3k marks (to ?.html). On 4/1/1464 the renowned Humphrey NEVILLE of Brancepeth (hmmm, is THIS the 'Lord Neville' who fought on the Lancastrian side?) ignored his pardon from Edw IV and rode to Bamburgh to join Henry. In Apr 1464 Edw sent Lord Montague (Warwick's bro John) N to Scotland (i.e. to escort their envoys to York for negotiations) try to turn the temporary truce into a more lasting peace, as Warwick had advised. But Somerset, ROOS, Hungerford, Humphrey NEVILLE, Sir Ralph GREY and Sir Ralph PERCY set a trap for him, concealing 8 men w/spears/bows in a wood near Newcastle. Montague was warned, and neatly avoided the ambush, but still faced Somerset et al w/500 soldiers at Hedgeley Moor between Morpeth and Wooler on 4/25, where a brief but fierce battle took place. ROOS and Hungerford, realizing they were losing, w/d, but PERCY fought to the end, dying w/most of his men. This was a serious blow to the Lancastrians since many N'ers had supported the cause mostly out of loyalty for him. Montague scattered Somerset's army, collected the envoys and, back at York, a 15yr truce was agreed. The Lancastrians joined Henry VI at Tynedale planning their next move (pp321-2).
Sir Richard ROOS p347: Tho at 1st Edw IV's reign seemed to bring order and better govt, the dominance of the NEVILLEs and the resurgence of court factions convinced most commoners that Edw was unable to cntl his magnates. There was still widespread disorder and lawlessness in many areas, escalating into the late 1460s, due largely to corrupt practices of Yorkist magnates in their own territories, feuds among them, esp. in the 'wild' N. By 1469 most English had become disillusioned at Edw's broken promises i.e. he'd been too focused on FP and crushing Lancastrian resistance. They were also angry w/his many 'special taxes' to handle FP/L (#15 in 1469). Tho Edw was still personally popular, Warwick was even moreso (!?), which he now used to fan discontent for his own reasons. Before long the N became a hotbed of anti-Yorkist feeling. Edw's lack of a male heir (Eliz had yet another dau Cecily Mar 1469) didn't help either. Govt agents were still tracking down and arresting L activists agitating for Marg, often tortured to reveal names of fellow co-conspirators, including some reputable merchants and citizens. In Jan 1469 Henry COURTENAY and Th HUNGERFORD were tried and found guilty of treason, suffering traitor's deaths. Sir Richard ROOS, who'd been imprisoned at Windsor since his arrest after Towton in 1461, risked his life by sending a poem, written in dbl acrostic anagrams, to (? de VERE ?th) E of Oxford. It was a coded appeal to all L-ers to rise and support Warwick v. Edw IV and widely distributed, so it was only a matter of time before Edw's enemies united in opposition to him. [Hmmm, is this Richard, or Wm, the 'ROOS' often referred to as leading L armies?]
Sir Wm ROOS p407: During the Battle of Tewkesbury 5-4-1471 (15th of 17 WoR), considered Edw's 'final victory' over the L-ers, 2k of whom were k., including Somerset's younger bro Sir John BEAUFORT, Sir Walter COURTENAY, Sir Wm VAUX, Sir Robt WHITTINGHAM, Sir Wm ROOS and Sir Edm HAMPDEN, all stalwart supporters of Q Margaret (of Anjou). But the most important casualty of all of Marg's son L-an Prince Edw.
On the de VERE family p162: L'ers knew that if York gained cntl of govt, many L'ers would be replaced by opponents e.g. MOWBRAYs of Norfolk, de VEREs of Oxford and HOWARDs, all magnates of York's affinity.
- Robt de VERE 9th E of Oxford dates? close 'fave' of KoE Richard II (possibly gay lover?) m. Philippa de COUCY, the king's cousin (30), resented by other lords since he acted 'haughty' and 'above' them, he esp angered Henry of Bolingbroke, 'Lords Appellant' formed esp to counter de VERE's negative influence on the king, in 1387 LA won battle of Radcot Bridge in Oxfordshire, forcing de VERE's banishment, and in 1388 the 'Merciless' Parliament called for his property to be confiscated and other faves executed, prompting Richard in 1389 to sieze cntl and rule as a tyrant for the rest of his reign. 1392 de VERE d. in poverty in Louvain after being savaged by a wild boar during a hunt, Richard had his body lovingly reburied 1395.
- John " " 12th " " dates? this EoO was 1 of the lords 'on the way' (to support Henry VI) during the 1455 1st St Albans battle (199), early 1462 whose line could be traced to the time of WmConq was in communication w/exiled Henry VI family in Scotland. EoO was one of the Q's chf agents in England and at the head of a group of conspirators planning L invasion and o/t of Edw IV. Sadly for EoO his courier was a spy, revealing L plans and leading to EoO's arrest, trial by the esp. cruel John TIPTOFT, E of Worcester, convicted of treason 2-23 (w/son Aubrey and others), sentenced to death, intense sufferings. But Edw permitted EoO's 2nd son John to inherit the E-dom, and m. him to Warwick's sis Margaret NEVILLE to keep him loyal, but it didn't work as he remained a staunch L-er til his death (309)
- John " " 13th " " dates? in 1468 arrested for suspected pro-L conspiracy, but let go due to lack of evidence (343), in Jan 1469 rcv'd poem mentioned above from Sir Richard ROOS and widely distributed it (347), left England Jul 1469 w/Warwick, D of Clarence (Edw IV's bro), AoC NEVILLE (Warwick's bro) for Calais, from which to plan a new L-ian invasion of England! Late Jul 1470 well-rcv'd by Marg of Anjou even tho she struggled to accept Warwick's coop in new plan (367). 9-9-1470 L invasion force sails from La Hogue, Normandy, led by Warwick and Clarence but including Jasper TUDOR, Oxford and Th NEVILLE aka Bastard of Fauconberg (373). By 10-13 after Edw IV had fled, EoO (presiding over the court that had condemned his dad and older bro to death in 1462) had pleasure of convicting TIPTOFT (now called 'the Butcher of England') of death by beheading, remarkably lenient under the circumstances (378). By 3-19-1471 EoO heard of Edw IV's invasion (he'd landed on 3-14, 388) and sent out the alarm for backup. EoO brot 4k soldiers to meet up w/Warwick and others, but spooked at Newark and fled w/o a fight, delighting Edw IV. Edw later sent troops to defeat EoO's army at Leicester on 4/3, removing 1 of 2 reinforcements for Warwick holed up at Coventry (other was Clarence). Warwick and L-ers finally defeated at Barnet 4/14 (14 of 17 WoR, p396), EoO cmd'd right wing, chased Yorkist left wing, in confusion later thot arrows were from their own, crying 'treason' and fleeing, but were really from Yorkists (398), wide confusion broke out, other L-ers thot EoO was defecting, EoO pursued as traitors (mistakenly), Montague was k. possibly by one of EoO's men. EoO and a small band of retainers fled to Scotland.
Next, do Herbert and Pembroke refs in MargSAW.html
Background compliments of Chuck Hargis